architect and designer Finn Juhl

Finn Juhl's own house on Kratvænget, Ordrup - north of Copenhagen - dating from the early 1940s

Finn Juhl's own house on Kratvænget, Ordrup - north of Copenhagen - dating from the early 1940s

Of the great furniture designers working in Denmark in the middle of the 20th century, probably the least well known in England is Finn Juhl.  

He was born in 1912 and trained as an architect, first under Kay Fisker in the Architecture Department at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and then in the office of Vilhelm Lauritzen.

However, from 1937 he collaborated with the cabinet maker Niels Vodder and they regularly showed their furniture designs at the exhibitions of the Cabinet Maker's Guild. Increasingly Juhl focused his talents on designing furniture and interiors. 

In 1948 he came to the attention of Edgar Kauffman, head of the Department for Industrial Design at Merchandise Mart in New York who was touring Scandinavia looking at designers and manufacturers - Juhl's work appeared in an article in Interiors magazine and was included in the Good Design exhibition in Chicago in 1951.

In that same year Juhl began work on designing the Trusteeship Council Chamber at the UN headquarters in New York - a major and well-publicised commission. 

Success continued through the decade: in 1957 he was awarded a gold medal at the Triennial in Milan and he was responsible for remodelling the Georg Jensen store on New Bond Street in London; in 1960 he furnished the ambassador's residence at the Royal Danish Embassy in Washington and in the same year organised the Arts of Denmark exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum in New York which then travelled on to Washington, Chicago and Los Angeles.

The strong influence of Scandinavian design in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s can be seen clearly in the well-known Case Study Houses. This was a programme of house building in California instigated by Art and Architecture magazine in Los Angeles under its editor John Entenza. The design for Case Study 1 was produced in 1945 and the last house, Case Study 28, was produced in 1966. The houses were designed by a number of architects, mainly American. Most are on large plots and most are single-storey, most with flat roofs. Common features are large rooms with extensive use of glass, for floor to ceiling windows, and the furniture, informally arranged, is usually of simple contemporary design. For instance Bailey House in Pacific Palisades, Case Study 20, by Richard Neutra had armchairs designed by Alvar Aalto.

This period in Scandinavian and American design has seen a revival of interest over the last few years ... in part perhaps because, with the passage of time, the design of the period seems attractive for reassessment ... but of course, in no small measure, due to the popularity of the television series Mad Men and the skill of their set designers.  

Where designs by Hans Wegner seem restrained and depend on the skill of the furniture maker, understanding and exploiting remarkable craftsmanship, furniture by Finn Juhl seems to be more experimental. He used darker wood, more extreme shapes and used bold blocks of colour.

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Last year there was exhibition of Juhl’s furniture and drawings at the Design Museum in Copenhagen to mark the centenary of his birth. I had not seen many of his drawings before and what surprised me is that he approached designing furniture in an almost rigidly architectural way, producing neat elevation drawings - I had expected more free sketches of the complex shapes and curves - but, never-the-less, his furniture seems more organic and the lines softer and more rounded than work in wood of contemporary furniture designers.